22.381 Fluid Mechanics

Fall Semester 2000

2000 Catalog: Development of basic fluid mechanical relations: continuity, momentum and Bernoulli equations. Emphasis is placed on the control volume approach to problem solving. Design projects are integrated into the course.  Prerequisites: 22.212, 22.242, 92.231, 92.236. ( 3 )

Textbook: Mironer A., Engineering Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1994.

Instructor: Alan Mironer, Professor, Mechanical Engineering

Objectives:           

• Ability to select an appropriate control volume for a simple flow situation.

• Apply the fundamental relations of continuity, momentum, and Bernoulli equation to a control volume.

• Ability to substitute numerical values into relations using a consistent set of units.

Goals: To provide fundamental concepts and method of approach for analyzing various types of fluid flow situations and to apply the principles learned to design problems.

Instructor’s Course Philosophy:  Depth vs breadth

Distill course down to a limited number of fundamentals (selection of appropriate control volume, continuity, momentum, Bernoulli). Emphasis on the application of these fundamentals to a variety of flow situations. No broad brush, survey, shallow coverage of non-fundamental topics. Challenging homework problems; not simple calculations involving substitution into formulas. Students must specialize the general fundamental relations to a particular flow situation. Emphasis on understanding , thinking, modeling. Encouragement of “engineering style”

• Work in symbols

• No numerical substitution until development of final relations

• Work in ratios where possible

• Show units and be sure that they are consistent.

Prerequisites by Topic:

• Concept of normal and shear stresses.
• Deformation of elastic materials.
• Partial derivatives, vector analysis, solution of simple ordinary differential equations.Taylor series.
• Introduction to flow, control volume, liquids, gases, specific volume, ideal gas law.
• Newton’s Laws of Motion

 Topics: ( number of classes devoted to each topic given in parentheses):

 1.    Differences between solids and fluids, continuum model for fluids, density, viscosity, laminar/turbulent flow, fluid particle, fluid velocity, pathlines, streaklines,streamlines, dimensionality, directionality, volume flow and mass flow rate, determination of numerical values of density of liquids and gases, units. (4)     

2.    Difference between system and control volume approaches, intensive and extensive properties, control volume transformation equation. (3)

3.    Control volume continuity equation, infinitesimal-size control volume, differential equations of continuity, quasi-one-dimensional, one-directional flow approximation, selection of appropriate control volume, infinitesimal vs finite-size control volume, steady vs unsteady control volume.(5)     4.    Control volume momentum equation, control volume forces, pressure, shear, body, reaction forces, infinitesimal control volume, Euler’s momentum equations, streamline coordinates,momentum equation in streamline coordinates.(8)

5.    Bernoulli equation, stagnation and static pressure, pitot tube, nozzles and diffusers. (4)

6.    Hydrostatics, pressure distribution in motionless fluid, forces on submerged surfaces and bodies, buoyancy, manometers.(4)

Design Projects:

Three design projects are assigned during the course.  Each project requires application of fluid mechanics principles which were just covered in class and tested.  Students work in teams of up to three students and have no formal class meetings for a week.  However, the instructor comes to class at the schedule hour and is available to answer specific questions.  An effort is made to schedule the projects before a vacation day to give the students a little more time.  The project is due at the first class meeting after the week allotted.  No late projects are accepted.

Some recent design projects are: 

1.   Design an argon gas delivery system for generating an inert atmosphere over electronic boards during a soldering operation; where the boards are evenly spaced on a conveyor belt.  The design requires the application of the unsteady control volume continuity equation. 

2.  Design of an air-jet actuated flow- switching valve which rapidly opens and closes an orifice within a prescribed time.  The design requires the use of the control volume momentum equation and the Coanda effect.

3.  Design of an air-table dolly for easy placement and removal of large weights.  The design requires the use of the momentum and Bernoulli equations.

4.  Design a vacuum-operated lift to raise a 50 pound bundle of shingles 10 feet in less than 30 seconds. Select an appropriate vacuum pump from  manufacturer’s catalog of performance data.

 Professional Component:

Some of the homework problems and all the design projects involve practical problems which engineers could encounter the practice of their profession.  No artificial problems whose sole point is mathematical manipulation are assigned.

Evaluation:

• Three advance quizzes: 30% of total grade. 
• Homework (unannounced collection, no late homework accepted): 10% of total grade.
• Three design projects: 30% of total grade.
• Comprehensive Final examination: 30% of total grade.

Specific Objectives: 

The means to acquire the above information is through lectures, assigned reading, questions in class, and homework.

The means to assess an evaluate performance is through homework, examinations, and design reports.

ABET category content as estimated by faculty member who prepared description:   

Engineering Science:            2.00 credits (2/3)

Design Content:                   1.00 credits (1/3)

Prepared by:    Alan Mironer                                 Date:  May 2000.