22.441 Analysis of Thermo-Fluid Processes

Fall Semester 1998

 

2000 Catalog: Dimensional analysis, similitude and modeling. Mixtures of ideal gases. Air/water-vapor mixtures, psychrometrics and air conditioning. Thermodynamic analysis of power and refrigeration cycles. Flow of compressible fluid through nozzles and diffusers; Mach number, choking, normal shock. 

Prerequisite: 22.381  

Textbooks: Cengel & Boles, Thermodynamics. AnEngineering Approach (2-nd ed.) McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1994. , Mironer, Engineering Fluid Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1979.

Coordinator: Y. Zilberberg, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering

Goals: To further the background development of seniors in the Thermo-Fluid Sciences and to teach them how to apply concepts to actual engineering analysis and design.

Objectives:           

  • Perform elementary analysis of quasi-one-dimensional isentropic compressible flow of ideal gases with constant specific heats: Determine desired exit Mach numbers of deLaval nozzles as functions of back pressure and important cross-sectional areas of the nozzle (e.g., throat, exit), with and without normal shock waves occurring inside the nozzle.

  • Perform basic procedures of dimensional analysis leading to derivation of dimensionless groups of process variables, and to use those groups as criteria of similitude in order to evaluate performance characteristics of prototypes from similar characteristics obtained by experiments on appropriate models.

  • Perform analytical evaluations of energy efficiency for air-standard, Rankine, and single-stage compression-refrigeration thermodynamic cycles.

  • Perform thermodynamic analysis and initial synthesis of simple air-conditioning processes and systems with or without application of the psychrometric chart.

Prerequisites by Topic :

  • Thermodynamics (First and Second Laws, ideal gas, entropy and isentropic flow. 22.242 Thermodynamics is prerequisite to 22.381 Fluid Mechanics.)
  • Fluid Mechanics: Control volume, continuity, static, dynamic, and stagnation properties.

Topics:

1.  Rankine steam power cycle, reheat, regeneration, feedwater heaters, cycle and components’ efficiencies (6 classes.)

2.  Refrigeration cycles (3 classes.)

3.  Dimensional analysis and dynamic similitude; modeling and testing (8 classes.)

4.  Overview of turbomachinery, affinity laws for scaling (3 classes.)

5.  Mixtures of ideal gases (4 classes.)

6.  Air/water-vapor mixtures, relative humidity, humidity ratio, dry and wet  bulb temperatures, psychrometric chart, air-conditioning processes (8 classes.)

7.  Compressible flow, static, dynamic, and stagnation properties. Steady isentropic flow of ideal gas through varying area channels. Velocity of sound, Mach number, chocking, normal shock.  (10 classes.)      

Specific Objectives: 

A student will be able to

Means to acquire

Means to assess and evaluate

ABET criteria

Program Goals

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Use fundamental analytical techniques, tables and graphs to analyze compressible flow of ideal gases through nozzles and diffusers and to determine basic working conditions of de Laval nozzles, which ensure supersonic outflow without inner normal shock

 

Lectures, reading, and homework

 

Homework, direct questions in class, students solving problems on the board in class followed by discussion, and exams

 

a, e

 

ii, iv

 

I, II, III, IV

Use fundamental methods of dimensional analysis, as well as previously developed dimensionless groups to evaluate expected performance characteristics of industrial equipment (prototypes) on the basis of experimentally determined performance characteristics of laboratory models

               

Lectures, reading, and homework                                    

Homework, direct questions in class, students solving problems on the board in class followed by discussion, and exams

 

 

a, e

 

ii, iv

 

I, II, III, IV

Perform thermodynamic analysis of air-standard (Otto & Diesel), Rankine (single, with reheat, and regenerative), and single-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycles, determine their energy efficiency, and compare with ideal (Carnot) cycles.

 

Lectures, reading, and

homework

Homework, direct questions in class, students solving problems on the board in class followed by discussion, and exams

 

a, e

 

ii

 

I, II, III, IV

Use fundamental methods of analysis of mixtures of ideal gases and apply those methods to analysis of moist air for the purpose of understanding and analysis of basic air-conditioning processes.

 

Lectures, reading, and

homework

 

Homework, direct questions in class, students solving problems on the board in class followed by discussion, and exams

a, e

ii, iv

I, II, III, IV

ABET category as content estimated by faculty member who prepared description:

Engineering Science:  3 credits or 100%.

Prepared by:                Y.Zilberberg                 Date:                April 1997